用英文介绍一下归化异化理论的起源吗？
The theory of acculturation and assimilation, also known as the acculturation model, originated from the field of anthropology and cultural studies. It was developed as a framework to understand the process of cultural contact and interaction between different cultures.
The concept of acculturation can be traced back to the early 20th century when anthropologists and sociologists began studying the effects of colonialism and migration on indigenous populations. The term "acculturation" was first introduced by anthropologist Franz Boas in the 1880s, but it was later expanded upon by other scholars such as Robert Redfield, John W. Bennett, and John Berry.
The acculturation model gained prominence in the 1960s and 1970s when researchers started to focus on the psychological and social implications of cultural contact. The model was further developed by John Berry, who proposed a framework that categorized acculturation strategies into four types: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization.
Assimilation refers to the process in which individuals or groups adopt the values and practices of the dominant culture while relinquishing their own cultural identity. Integration, on the other hand, involves maintaining one's cultural heritage while also adopting aspects of the new culture. Separation refers to the rejection of the dominant culture and the preservation of one's original culture. Marginalization occurs when individuals or groups are excluded from both their original culture and the dominant culture.
The acculturation model has been widely used in various fields, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology, to study the effects of cultural contact on individuals and communities. It has provided a framework for understanding the complexities of cultural adaptation, identity formation, and intergroup relations.
Overall, the theory of acculturation and assimilation has its roots in the study of cultural contact and has evolved over time to provide insights into the processes and outcomes of cultural interaction.
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